Self-Reported Mood and Lifestyle-Related Physical Activity of Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder.

We investigated whether mood and lifestyle-related indicators of physical health are differentially expressed according to self-reported levels of depressive symptoms among young adults with a current episode of major depression. In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 94 young adults (females = 67, 71.3%; males = 27, 28.7%; aged 18-35 years) with a current episode of major depression. We assessed their mood with the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory-(BAI), sleep with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), physical activity with the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ), and their cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants' depression levels were classified as follows using established cut-points: (a) Mild Depressive Symptoms (MIDS, BDI-II 14-19 points, n = 17), (b) Moderate Depressive Symptoms (MODS, BDI-II 20-28 points, n = 37) or (c) Severe Depressive Symptoms (SEDS, BDI-II 29-63 points, n = 40). As expected, we found that young adults with SEDS, when compared to those with MODS and MIDS, showed higher depressive mood on the POMS, and they exhibited greater anxiety symptoms, lower reported 'vigor' on physical activity measures, worse sleep quality as expressed by their global score sleep; daytime dysfunction; and sleep disturbance, and they showed lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Those with moderate depressive symptoms only differed from those with mild symptoms with respect to hostility, fatigue and mood disturbance. Although there was a gradient whereby worse mental and physical health indicators were more closely related to the SEDS depression categorization, while healthier indicators were associated with the MIDS category, some parameters were not different between the MDD severity groups, particularly when comparing MIDS and MODS. Clinicians treating patients with MDD should consider these factors when designing lifestyle-based interventions.

Effects of exercise on cognitive functioning in adults with serious mental illness: A meta analytic review.

Cognitive performance is usually impaired in those with serious mental illness (SMI). Exercise may improve cognitive functioning, but studies examining the effects of exercise in SMI indicate heterogenous findings. To estimate the effects of exercise on cognitive outcomes in people with SMI. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the acute or chronic effects of exercise on cognitive functioning in SMI were searched from inception to December 26th, 2022 on major electronic databases. Random effect meta-analyses were conducted to assess the effects of exercise on over the cognitive domains and Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the effect size measure. Funnel plots and Egger's test of effect size and the Trim and Fill procedure applied if evidence of publication bias was noted. Methodological quality was assessed using RoB 2. A total of 15 chronic (1 acute), 936 participants (46.7% women). Exercise showed large effects on reasoning and problem solving; small effects on executive functioning. Per diagnosis, exercise showed moderate positive effects on executive functioning and large effects on processing speed in people with depression; large effects on reasoning and problem solving in people with schizophrenia. The present study indicates a large beneficial effect of chronic physical exercise on reasoning and problem solving and small effects on executive functioning in people with SMI.

Factors associated with inflamm-aging in institutionalized older people.

The increase in inflammatory cytokines associated with a reduction in the bioavailability of zinc has been used as a marker for inflammation. Despite the high inflammatory state found in institutionalized older individuals, few studies have proposed verifying the factors associated with this condition in this population. To verify the factors associated with inflamm-aging in institutionalized older people. A total of 178 older people (≥ 60 years old) living in nursing homes in Natal/RN were included in the study. Cluster analysis was used to identify three groups according to their inflammatory state. Analysis anthropometric, biochemical, sociodemographic, and health-related variables was carried out. In sequence, an ordinal logistic regression was performed for a confidence level of 95% in those variables with p < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis. IL-6, TNF-α, zinc, low-density lipids (LDL), high-density lipids (HDL), and triglycerides were associated with inflamm-aging. The increase of 1 unit of measurement of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides increased the chance of inflammation-aging by 1.5%, 4.1%, and 0.9%, respectively, while the oldest old (≥ 80 years old) had an 84.9% chance of presenting inflamm-aging in relation to non-long-lived older people (< 80 years). The association between biochemical markers and inflamm-aging demonstrates a relationship between endothelial injury and the inflammatory state. In addition, the presence of a greater amount of fat in the blood may present a higher relative risk of death.

Prevalence and factors associated to physical inactivity in elderly brazilians evaluated by accelerometry: evidence from the sabe study / Prevalência e fatores associados à inatividade física em idosos brasileiros avaliados pela acelerometria: evidências do estudo sabe

Background: Population studies using accelerometers to estimate physical inactivity in older people have been carried out in developed countries. In Brazil, these studies are limited to subjective measures. Objective: to identify through an accelerometer the prevalence and factors associated with physical inactivity in older people residents in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-base study conducted with 543 older people individuals (mean 73.8 years) using data from the SABE study (Health, Welfare and Ageing). The level of physical activity was measured using accelerometers, and the participants categorized into inactive with <30 minutes of moderate and/or vigorous activity daily; and active with > 30 minutes moderate and/or vigorous activity daily. The independent variables were sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and lifestyle. The association of the dependent variable with the independent variables was conducted using multiple regression analysis. Results: Of the older people evaluated, 85.4% were physically inactive (men = 74.3% and women = 91.9%). Older people aged >75 years (OR=4.67 [1.87 to 11.66]), women (OR=2.26 [1.15 to 4.44]), with high waist circumference (OR=2.93 [1.41 to 6.12]), high number of comorbidities (OR=2.27 [1.22 to 4.23]), and chronic pain (OR=2.54 [1.32 to 4.88]) were associated independently with physical inactivity. Conclusion: The prevalence of physical inactivity in older people individuals aged 65 or over is appalling and associated with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical variables.(AU)

Estudos populacionais utilizando acelerômetros para estimar a inatividade física em idosos têm sido realizados em países desenvolvidos. No Brasil, esses estudos se limitam a medidas subjetivas. Objetivo: identificar por meio de um acelerômetro a prevalência e os fatores associados à inatividade física em idosos residentes em São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com 543 idosos (média de 73,8 anos) a partir dos dados do estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento). O nível de atividade física foi medido por meio de acelerômetros, e os participantes categorizados em inativos com <30 minutos de atividade moderada e / ou vigorosa diariamente; e ativo com> 30 minutos de atividade moderada e / ou vigorosa diariamente. As variáveis independentes foram sociodemográficas, antropométricas, clínicas e estilo de vida. A associação da variável dependente com as variáveis independentes foi realizada por meio de análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados: Dos idosos avaliados, 85,4% eram inativos fisicamente (homens = 74,3% e mulheres = 91,9%). Idosos com idade> 75 anos (OR = 4,67 [1,87 a 11,66]), mulheres (OR = 2,26 [1,15 a 4,44]), com circunferência da cintura elevada (OR = 2,93 [1,41 a 6,12]), elevado número de comorbidades (OR = 2,27 [1,22 a 4,23]) e dor crônica (OR = 2,54 [1,32 a 4,88]) foram associados de forma independente à inatividade física. Conclusão: A prevalência de inatividade física em idosos com 65 anos ou mais é preocupante e está associada a variáveis sociodemográficas, antropométricas e clínicas.(AU)